Abnormal brain function in schizophrenia involves an extended network of brain structures. In schizophrenia, an abnormal dopamine activity in accordance with altered GABA and glutamate transmission appears to interfere with this process. In this study, we have examined the effect of dopamine hyperactivity on CA3 pyramidal cells using a Mathematical model. Our simulation results show that while normal activity of dopamine system causes the membrane potential of pyramidal cell to display a periodic bursting behavior, hyperactivity of this system brings about irregular and aperiodic patterns of activity. In addition, it is suggested that hypo-glutamatergic conditions result in reduced activation of the striatal complex and may induce psychotic symptoms. Thus, we also investigated the role of glutamate level in postsynaptic cell activity. Simulation results indicate that hypo-glutamatergic condition has the same effect on the membrane potential of pyramidal cells, i.e. aperiodic and irregular firing patterns. Based on these results, we hypothesize that glutamate receptor activation may have good therapeutic results in schizophrenia.

Water quality aspect with regard to dissolved oxygen was studied for a 24 kilometer stretch of Malaprabha River in Karnataka State, India. Main objective of the research was to simulate the predicted dissolved oxygen depletion due to the waste load allocation in the river with the ambient observed values of dissolved oxygen, and to ascertain the application of Mathematical modeling for predicting the dissolved oxygen in a mixing zone. The entire river stretch selected for the study was divided in to four stations and water samples were collected from each station, and analyzed for different parameters. Station S1 was purely the upstream of the sewage discharge point and hence reflected the water quality of the river without pollution. Station S2 and downstream stations were the part of mixing zone where the discharged sewage at S2 kept spreading. Dissolved oxygen levels at these four stations were calculated through Mathematical modeling, considering all variables that affect dissolved oxygen variation. Further, this predicted dissolved oxygen found with the application of Mathematical modeling was then simulated with the actual observed values of dissolved oxygen in these four stations. The results were highly encouraging, with the predicted values almost agreeing with the observed values. Thus the application of such Mathematical modeling may be useful for a river stretch where water pollution due to the discharge of effluents is expected, and will help the engineers in arriving at a proper waste-load allocation for the river.

Due to several reasons as the low resistance of constructed concrete and also change in codes or application of structures, some concrete frames need to be retrofitted. By adding the steel prop and curb to the reinforced concrete, many parameters are changed such as ductility, resistance, and stiffness. This study investigates numerically the impact of adding the prop and curb, slit damper, gusset plate and also prop with a ductile ring on stiffness, resistance, energy dissipation and ductility of RC frames. For this purpose, the effect of the aforementioned methods on the linear and nonlinear moment frame behavior of reinforced concrete under monotonic loads have been numerically investigated using the ABAQUS software. In the present study 12 samples of reinforced frames with one story and one span retrofitted by different methods. The novelty of the paper was using such props and slit damper in RC frames. The results obtained from the modeling showed the retrofitted frame with a ring, slit damper and gusset plate also showed a better behavior in terms of resistance and stiffness compared to the RC frame and the sample with slit damper and prop with a ductile ring as well as compared to the sample with the prop and curb showed more ductility and energy dissipation.